凹槽非定常超音速流动的研究

用SST的两方程紊流模型,采用时间和空间上二阶的方法,求解雷诺平均N-S方程,得到开放型凹槽的流动特性的变化。数值模拟了飞行马赫数为5时的测试结果,得到不同时刻流场参数的变化。凹槽内流体质量的增加和减少,有助于油气的混合和燃烧,对于维持燃料的超音速燃烧是非常关键的,对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的设计具有重要的价值。     

喷口自由剪切层自激振荡优势频率的预测

研究了喷口边缘自由剪切层在下游扰流物干涉下产生自激振荡的机理 ,并进行了相应的实验。基于对空腔流自由剪切层自激振荡各阶模态的频率方程的合理改进 ,使之能预测喷口边缘自由剪切层在下游扰流物干涉下所致的自激振荡的模态频率。实验结果表明 ,采用改进后的空腔流自由剪切层自激振荡的频率方程能较好地预测喷口自由剪切层自激振荡所致噪声的优势频率 ,并能用于工程计算。另外 ,作者在考虑声与流动耦合的复杂性时提出 :声压与涡脱落相互作用的力阻抗所致的时延 2 πα中的 α与当地马赫数有关 ,而并非为常数 0 .2 5。声的传播是弹性介质中疏密波的传播 ,脱落涡的传播是流动介质中涡质量的传播 ,声与流动耦合的力阻抗的抗性取决于它们两者在耦合时所占有的主次地位 ,由实验数据表明 ,当 Ma∞ <0 .3 4时 ,力阻抗的抗性会由质量抗转变为弹性抗 ,即 α会由正值变为负值。     

Evaluation of pressure oscillations by a laboratory motor

Aeroacoustic pressure oscillation is one of the important challenges in segmented solid rocket motors with high slenderness ratio. The reason for these oscillations can be searched in vortex shedding due to grain burning surfaces, holes and slots. In this paper, a novel sub-scaled motor was used for evaluation of aeroacoustic pressure oscillations. First, the related parameters to scale down using Buckingham’s Pi-theorem were determined and then the sub-scaled motor was designed and manufactured. After this, Strouhal number in various grain forms and vortex shedding prediction criteria have been discussed. Then, one-dimensional linear and non-linear solution approaches have been presented. To understand the motor internal flow and vortex shedding formation, steady state computational fluid dynamic performed for seven regression steps and finally, two static tests have been performed. Results show that various definitions for Strouhal number are useful only for primarily glance on vortex shedding and pressure oscillations and so CFD solution and the test program are inevitable for a correct understanding of the ballistic operational condition of the motor. Experimental results demonstrated the existence of such oscillations with frequencies nearly equal to axial modes. It seems that non-linear parameters have small effects on aeroacoustic pressure oscillation and therefore the linear solution is acceptable to obtain approximate data. Of course, it should be emphasized that linear solution represents oscillations on overall motor action time, whereas the output of non-linear solution depends on thermochemistry properties of solid propellant and combustion products. Therefore, with a non-linear solution, oscillations maybe occur in some intervals of action time. FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) results demonstrated that although both first and second acoustic modes have been excited, the position of longitudinal oscillation has an important role on which one is dominant.     

霍尔推力器不同壁面侵蚀对低频振荡特性影响研究

基于霍尔推力器一维准中性流体模型,对放电壁面侵蚀对低频振荡特性的影响进行了数值模拟研究。通过改变霍尔推力器放电通道的横截面积,研究了霍尔推力器寿命期内通道受离子溅射后,放电电流振荡特性变化。研究结果显示,横截面积从25cm2增大到37cm2时,放电电流振荡幅值增加,振荡频率基本不变;继续增加横截面积,放电电流振荡幅值减小,振荡频率增加。理论分析表明:通道侵蚀面积增大,导致离子碰撞频率变化,进而引起振荡特性变化。     

超燃冲压发动机带凹槽的燃烧室流场振荡研究

为了分析闭式凹槽的流场振荡现象,结合试验和二维非定常数值模拟方法,开展了三种条件下的非定常研究.通过实验发现,长深比较大的凹槽作为超燃冲压发动机火焰稳定装置时,凹槽的冷流流场存在强烈的振荡现象.结合二维非定常数值模拟方法,初步分析了振荡机理:振荡的主要原因是燃烧室入口气流马赫数的大小,马赫数2.0条件下,流场周期振荡;马赫数3.0条件下,流场可以稳定存在.根据分析结果给出了流场特征与马赫数的定性依赖关系.通过增加隔离段长度的方法对分析结果进行了验证.     

Robotic Instrument for Grinding Rocks Into Thin Sections (GRITS)

We have developed a rock grinding and polishing mechanism for in situ planetary exploration based on abrasive disks, called Grinding Rocks Into Thin Sections (GRITS). Performance characteristics and design considerations of GRITS are presented. GRITS was developed as part of a broader effort to develop an in situ automated rock thin section (ISARTS) instrument. The objective of IS-ARTS was to develop an instrument capable of producing petrographic rock thin sections on a planetary science spacecraft. GRITS may also be useful to other planetary science missions with in situ instruments in which rock surface preparation are necessary.     

ABDOM的参数规范化与离散化改进

为了更好利用叠加式双阻尼振荡模型(ABDOM,Accumulative Bi-Damped Oscillation Model)来描述、预测和评估真实软件缺陷发现时序过程,在提出理想软件缺陷发现时序过程范型(ISPSDD,Ideal Sequential Process of Software Defects Discovery)的基础上,对ABDOM中软件缺陷发现阻尼 a 和软件缺陷发现周期阻尼 b 的规范化进行了进一步讨论,提出了软件缺陷发现时序过程质量评价指数 Q ,给出了其典型取值和相关意义,并将其引入ABDOM,最终得到了经过参数规范化和离散化改进后的ABDOM-Q_d,并利用一个真实的工程实践项目数据对ABDOM-Q_d 进行了验证.     

模型燃烧室内不稳定燃烧发展过程的数值分析

为了对自燃推进剂燃烧室内出现的不稳定燃烧现象进行详细分析,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法对该燃烧室内的气液两相非稳态燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,计算得到的压力振荡幅值和频谱特性与实验结果吻合较好,在此基础上对不同燃烧阶段内的压力和释热变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:在压力振荡幅值超过10%的不稳定燃烧阶段,压力振荡主频为9 200 Hz,燃烧室内横向压力分布与1阶切向振型一致,仿真中再现了1阶切向自激高频不稳定燃烧的产生及发展过程;稳定燃烧向不稳定燃烧转变早期,压力振荡从部分燃烧释热波动中获得能量,压力振荡幅值缓慢增长;随着燃烧进行,燃烧释热波动与压力振荡之间相位和频谱特性逐渐趋于一致,压力振荡幅值开始急剧增大;当二者完全耦合时,燃烧室内压力振荡幅值达到极限饱和状态,此时压力振荡幅值超过了平均室压的200%。      

低速风洞双自由度大幅振荡试验技术

为满足国内战斗机型号研制对大迎角过失速机动过程中非定常气动力问题研究的需求,中国航空工业空气动力研究院在FL-8风洞开发了一套基于电液伺服马达和电机耦合驱动的双自由度大幅振荡试验技术。简单介绍了该系统的基本组成和试验原理,给出了FL-8风洞动态标准模型双自由度大幅振荡试验的典型结果,分析表明：该系统运行性能稳定,试验数据可靠,重复性精度较高,可以有效应用于飞行器双自由度耦合运动气动特性研究。     

用于气动声学计算的非均匀网格紧致差分格式

为克服传统紧致差分格式在数值求解非均匀网格问题时产生的寄生波,构造了一种新的高精度紧致差分格式.通过泰勒展开分析方法,详细给出了格式系数的通用形式;利用傅里叶分析方法,分析了数值耗散、色散误差.以3对角6阶精度紧致差分格式求解均匀扰动网格问题为例,计算表明:色散值和耗散值随扰动因子的增加而更加趋近于精确值;当扰动因子大于0.213时,格式不稳定,当扰动因子小于等于0.213时,格式渐近稳定;对一维对流波和二维波传播的模拟计算所得数值解与精确解吻合,体现了该格式在求解非均匀网格问题时的优越性.